8,516 research outputs found
Precoder design for space-time coded systems over correlated Rayleigh fading channels using convex optimization
A class of computationally efficient linear precoders for space-time block coded multiple-input multiple-output wireless systems is derived based on the minimization of the exact symbol error rate (SER) and its upper bound. Both correlations at the transmitter and receiver are assumed to be present, and only statistical channel state information in the form of the transmit and receive correlation matrices is assumed to be available at the transmitter. The convexity of the design based on SER minimization is established and exploited. The advantage of the developed technique is its low complexity. We also find various relationships of the proposed designs to the existing precoding techniques, and derive very simple closed-form precoders for special cases such as two or three receive antennas and constant receive correlation. The numerical simulations illustrate the excellent SER performance of the proposed precoders
Generalized Newton's Method based on Graphical Derivatives
This paper concerns developing a numerical method of the Newton type to solve
systems of nonlinear equations described by nonsmooth continuous functions. We
propose and justify a new generalized Newton algorithm based on graphical
derivatives, which have never been used to derive a Newton-type method for
solving nonsmooth equations. Based on advanced techniques of variational
analysis and generalized differentiation, we establish the well-posedness of
the algorithm, its local superlinear convergence, and its global convergence of
the Kantorovich type. Our convergence results hold with no semismoothness
assumption, which is illustrated by examples. The algorithm and main results
obtained in the paper are compared with well-recognized semismooth and
-differentiable versions of Newton's method for nonsmooth Lipschitzian
equations
Optimising coverage efficiency in heterogeneous wireless cellular networks
In this paper, we first propose an analytical model for investigating the impacts of power allocation (PA) and cell density allocation (CDA) on coverage efficiency (CE) of heterogeneous wireless cellular networks (HWCNs) under limited resources in various propagation environment. It is shown that the interference among cells that belong to different tiers is reduced significantly in a higher path loss environment and results in a higher coverage. In addition, the overall network coverage of the HWCN can be further extended with the deployment of a higher cell density in a more lossy environment. This accordingly leads us to develop an optimization problem (OP) to maximize the CE by optimizing the PA and CDA for a downlink HWCN under the constraint of limited power at cells and total power available in the network. In particular, we propose a two-stage approach for solving the OP to sequentially obtain the heuristic value of the CDA and PA due to complicated objective function along with various involved parameters in the practical HWCN. Numerical results reveal that the coverage obtained by the heuristic solution at the first-stage is significantly improved with a lower power than the conventional approach. Furthermore, an enhanced overall CE is achieved for all cases of the power constraint when applying fully two stages in our proposed algorithm
The Yoneda algebra of a graded Ore extension
Let A be a connected-graded algebra with trivial module k, and let B be a
graded Ore extension of A. We relate the structure of the Yoneda algebra E(A)
:= Ext_A(k,k) to E(B). Cassidy and Shelton have shown that when A satisfies
their K_2 property, B will also be K_2. We prove the converse of this result.Comment: 9 page
On neural networks in identification and control of dynamic systems
This paper presents a discussion of the applicability of neural networks in the identification and control of dynamic systems. Emphasis is placed on the understanding of how the neural networks handle linear systems and how the new approach is related to conventional system identification and control methods. Extensions of the approach to nonlinear systems are then made. The paper explains the fundamental concepts of neural networks in their simplest terms. Among the topics discussed are feed forward and recurrent networks in relation to the standard state-space and observer models, linear and nonlinear auto-regressive models, linear, predictors, one-step ahead control, and model reference adaptive control for linear and nonlinear systems. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the application of these important concepts
Reduction of Ion Heating During Magnetic Reconnection by Large-Scale Effective Potentials
The physical processes that control the partition of released magnetic energy
between electrons and ions during reconnection is explored through
particle-in-cell simulations and analytical techniques. We demonstrate that the
development of a large-scale parallel electric field and its associated
potential controls the relative heating of electrons and ions. The potential
develops to restrain heated exhaust electrons and enhances their heating by
confining electrons in the region where magnetic energy is released.
Simultaneously the potential slows ions entering the exhaust below the
Alfv\'enic speed expected from the traditional counterstreaming picture of ion
heating. Unexpectedly, the magnitude of the potential and therefore the
relative partition of energy between electrons and ions is not a constant but
rather depends on the upstream parameters and specifically the upstream
electron normalized temperature (electron beta). These findings suggest that
the fraction of magnetic energy converted into the total thermal energy may be
independent of upstream parameters
- …